Slide 1

Considered “glacial remnants”
Spawn and rear in cold headwaters (< 8 ºC)
Repeat spawners
Juveniles stay in natal streams
- Resident – remain in small streams
- Fluvial – migrate out to mainstem rivers
- Adfluvial – migrate out to lakes or reservoirs
- Anadromous (amphidromous) – migrate out to saltwater but may move in and out of rivers
- Connectivity important but disrupted in Yakima basin by irrigation impoundments and extractions

What are the characteristics of Yakima bull trout – diversity, heterozygosity, effective population sizes?
What are the genetic relationships among populations?
How have dams affected connectivity?
Where do fish go if they get over a dam?

Use standardized bull trout microsatellite suite
Collaborative effort headed by USFWS, including WDFW, UBC, U of M, IDFG
Data compatible among participating labs
Standardized loci discriminate:
- Local bull trout populations
- Inland and Coastal bull trout
- Bull trout and Dolly Varden
- Bull trout and Brook trout
- Identify hybrids

Negative: fish unable to return to spawn in their natal tributary if they cross the dam
- Lose genetic diversity?
- - Lower allelic richness than bull trout in Columbia and Snake
- Alter genetic relationships?
- - Some of these fish go to nearby tributaries
  - - SF Tieton fish in Rattlesnake
    - NF Tieton fish in Rattlesnake
    - One-way gene flow out of Tieton basin
Positive: opportunity for bull trout in Tieton tributaries to become adfluvial
- Grow larger – have more offspring

Thanks to all the samplers:
- WDFW, Mike Mizelle, William Meyer, Yuki Reiss CWU, Yakama Nation, USFWS
Thanks to Adrian Spidle, Judy DeLaVerne, Scott Blankenship, Anne Marshall, Todd Kassler and Ken Warheit for comments and suggestions
Thanks to the people who post nice pictures of fish
Funding from USFWS and WA state general funds