Steelhead hatchery effects

• Domestication selection may lower fitness of hatchery steelhead (Araki et al. 2008)

• • Artificial spawning and incubation
  • Emergence and freshwater rearing
  • Smolt migration

• Potential methods to reduce domestication

• • Eliminate artificial spawning
  • Release at a natural size and age (i.e. age-2)