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Other Functions / Findings
2% LWD content in the bed can account for 50% of the roughness (Magna and Kershner 2000)
Frequency of quality pools decreased in 52-54% of Columbia Basin rivers draining managed watersheds since roughly 1940 (McIntosh et al. 2000)
Resistance to flow in vegetated floodplain channel is 40% greater with LWD than without. Velocities were higher and depths were lower without LWD. (Abt et al. 1998)
In western Washington:
Average diameter, length, and volume of LWD pieces increases with stream size (Bilby and Ward 1989)
In streams <7m channel width, 40% of LWD pieces were oriented perpendicularly to flow (Bilby and Ward 1989)
In streams >7m channel width, 40% of LWD pieces were oriented downstream (Bilby and Ward 1989)
Pool area correlated with the volume of the LWD forming the pool in streams of all sizes (Bilby and Ward 1989)